HEMORRAGIA INTRACEREBRAL EM PACIENTES ACIMA DE 80 ANOS DE IDADE

Abstract

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological deficit that results from an arterial lesion, compromising brain and cerebellar structures. It is estimated that in patients over 80 years old, the prevalence is 24.6 / 1000 inhabitants per year. Several risk factors are related: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypocholesterolemia, alcoholism, smoking and heart disease. Computed tomography (CT) is the initial imaging exam for diagnosis. Treatment can be conservative or surgical. Methodology: This is a prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study. Data were collected from the analysis of medical records of patients with spontaneous ICH aged 80 years or older, admitted to the neurosurgery service of Hospital de Urgências de Sergipe (HUSE) in Aracaju-Sergipe. Results: Fifty patients were studied. The average age was 83.4 years. 62% were male and 38% female. 70% had SAH, 28% had DM and 13% had both conditions. In 26% of patients, no risk factors were reported. CT was performed on all patients. Brain lobes were affected in 34% of patients, basal ganglia 26%, thalamus 20%, brain stem 10% and cerebellum 10%. Associated subarachnoid hemorrhage was present in 10% of cases. Of the 50 patients, 34 (68%) resulted in death, 16 (32%) were discharged. Nine deaths (26.5%) occurred in less than 48 hours, 19 (55.9%) between 48 hours and 30 days and 6 (17.6%) died within more than 30 days. Conclusion: Age plays a fundamental role in the course and prognosis of spontaneous ICH. Therefore, it is important to characterize the group of patients over 80 years of age to obtain the necessary tools for the implementation of preventive measures in order to mitigate the impacts of spontaneous ICH in the studied group as well as for the society.